File Sharing And The Internet Piracy - 1468 Words

In recent years, internet piracy or file sharing of copyrighted material has gained much popularity. It is a topic that has incessantly sparked debate and has even received global attention. Although on the surface the act of file sharing may seem harmless, it is far from it. Each year, film and record production companies as well as software and video game development companies suffer from billions of dollars in lost profits. This loss comes as a direct result of internet piracy. Many agree that file sharing is unethical and consider it to be no different than downright theft. On the other hand, there are those that support file sharing and claim that their actions are easily justified and ethical. This essay will provide a brief overview and history of file sharing, will consider the arguments of each side, and will offer my personal observations and stance on the issue. File sharing, put simply, is the process of making available and distributing files via the internet. Many freely developed applications have been made available that simplify this process, providing the ability to easily search for, download, and upload any piece of digital content imaginable. These applications are commonly referred to as P2P or peer-to-peer applications as they allow individuals (peers) to directly connect with other peers to share files. By themselves, such applications are useless; a central network must be available that allows each peer to see one another. TheseShow MoreRelatedOnline File Sharing and Internet Piracy1791 Words   |  8 Pagesshouldn’t the internet be free? Why should we have restrictions placed on what we can and cannot do on the internet? Every day, millions of users share files on the internet through numerous online sources. Whether they download music, movies, or software, online file-sharing can give people access to a plentifu l amount of information. These files are often free and easily accessible by anyone. The practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information represents file sharing (Peer-to-PeerRead MoreIncrease of Illegal Downloading of Music794 Words   |  3 Pagesstarting of internet network and uprising of computerized systems, result in latest rise in piracy. The digital revolution has been one of the most important causes in control of piracy. As the arrival of the digital revolution, it has become not difficult to copy digital information without losing in its features. One more significant cause has been the introduction of the Internet, a commercial Internet protocol that has basically opened the front gate to low cost worldwide sharing. A third facilitatorRead MoreThe Impact Of Piracy On The Internet Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Piracy According to the Motion Pictures Association of America website, A pirate is anyone who sells, acquires, copies or distributes copyrighted materials without permission. Over the past ten years, technology has greatly advanced, and with these technological advances, digital file sharing easier than ever. One aspect of these advances is faster Internet connection, which has made it easier to download large files in the matter of minutes. Whereas in the past majorityRead MorePiracy Trends and Effects986 Words   |  4 Pagesstarting of internet network and uprising of computerized systems, result in latest rise in piracy. The digital revolution has been one of the most important causes in control of piracy. As the arrival of the digital revolution, it has become not difficult to copy digital information without losing in its features. One more significant cause has been the introduction of the Internet, a commercial Internet protocol that has basically opened the front gate to low cost worldwide sharing. A third facilitatorRead MoreThe Ethics Of File Sharing1378 Words   |  6 Pagesof File Sharing File sharing is the act of someone making a copy of a file and sending it to another person. The method of sharing includes Internet peer to peer transfers, but also includes physical CD copies, emails, and mobile storage devices. Companies are justified in focusing on physical CD sales and online peer to peer file sharing, as their sales have potential to cause harm. Loss of sales is indeed what is happening. Consumers need to be more aware of the risks of file sharing. File sharingRead More The Growing Problem of Music Piracy Essay1254 Words   |  6 PagesThe Growing Problem of Music Piracy    At the turn of the millenium, the music industry has been faced with an unforeseen phenomenon that has affected its very foundation - mass scale music piracy. The decline of CD sales in the past three years have been blamed on the availability of songs that can be downloaded from Internet sites and service providers like Napster, KaZaA and Morpheus free of charge. Today the issue of intellectual copyright infringement in music has been taken more seriouslyRead MoreEssay about The Impact of Music Piracy1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Impact of Music Piracy According to the Recording Industry of America (RIAA) the record industry loses $4.3 billion dollars, worldwide, due to music piracy (RIAA, 2003). The American Federation of Artists claims that on-line music piracy has caused some record store sales to drop by 20% and that 20.6 billion illegal downloads occur every month (AFM, 2004). Many experts believe that music piracy is currently the number one threat to the music industry. RIAA sources claim 278 million peopleRead MoreEssay about Battling Digital Piracy1342 Words   |  6 Pages In today’s age where Internet can provide fast access to any kind of information and media, copyrighted content faces grave threat of infringement. The distribution and unauthorized copying of such copyrighted content results in digital piracy. Common examples are downloading and uploading movies, music, e-books, software, and other copyrighted content online. Piracy deprives the original creators, scientists and artists of the deserved incent ives. Digital Piracy has caused the US Copyright IndustryRead MoreEssay on MP3 File Sharing Hurts America929 Words   |  4 PagesMP3 File Sharing Hurts America Before the present time of computers and various media player technology, trading music files on the internet was practically unheard of. Today MP3 music files have become file format that is widely â€Å"swapped† over the internet. The problem with trading MP3s is that it violates copyright laws. However, this hasn’t stopped the tens of millions of file sharing software users who continue swap MP3’s. MP3 piracy is a costly business for many companies, and the disadvantagesRead MoreEssay on Music Copyright Infringement1224 Words   |  5 Pagesusers to compress and send music files easily over the Internet. The major problem with this music sharing is that most of the files are pirated, which has caused a stir in the music industry. Music companies and music artists have been complaining about how their music is being stolen and therefore lowering their album sales. The major blame has been put on Napster and other file sharing software available on the Inte rnet. Napster was a music sharing software that was shut down because

The Photo Essay Esther Ki - 1047 Words

Hidden Emotions Esther Ki Introduction â€Å"Is it really possible to tell someone else what one feels?† said Leo Tolstoy. Not all people can portray their feelings easily, and it is difficult to figure out exactly how someone feels. People often refuse to express their emotions verbally. Instead, people often express their feelings unintentionally, when they are turned around (when there is a specific action, like when someone is slouching or spacing out), or through other self-expression (such as outfits, accessories, and other items that people may carry around). Through these slight changes in their physical appearances, people’s deep thoughts and emotions that were hidden can be revealed. #1 Feeling the music On March 1, 2015, David†¦show more content†¦I wanted to wear it today so I could be warm in my classes,† said Aliyah Reese. She was the type of person who wears dark colors almost every day, to show her personality of being shy and quiet, while showing her emotion. Violet, represents dreams and imagination, while calming the emotion. #9 Flower prints During lunch, Cynthia Benitez waits for her friends to eat lunch together. Ever since Cynthia began eating B lunch, she did not get to see a lot of her other friends. Her back shows a hint of loneliness. #10 Style on point On March 4, 2015, Ashlyn Wilmot dresses especially for her new shoes. Ashlyn added that it was also just for Journalism class, to get pictures taken of her outfit. â€Å"I just dressed cute today because I really wanted to wear my new pair of boots that I got,† said Ashlyn. Her emotions from this outfit could be easily spotted. There were hints of happiness and joy even on the disappointing forecasts of snow. Conclusion â€Å"Colors, like features, follow the changes of the emotions,† said Pablo Picasso. It is said that when people make physical changes, or show their actions in a certain way, it can change emotions and help others to figure out their feelings to comfort them in any way possible. All around the world, there are numerous number of different people and people who are at different locations; However people often show similar emotions and react by hiding their emotions as much as they are capable of. â€Å"Feelings

Nutrition and Dietetics Proposal-Discussion/Conclusion Free Essays

Introduction The main aim of this project was to assess the relationship of CVD risk factors and diet in Cuban Americans. More specifically, this project was aimed to see the association of omega 3 fatty acid with CVD biomarkers, homocysteine and CRP in Cuban Americans with and without type 2 diabetes. These aims were targeted with the views to providing information on cardiovascular disease risk factors and its association with diet and type 2 diabetes. We will write a custom essay sample on Nutrition and Dietetics Proposal-Discussion/Conclusion or any similar topic only for you Order Now The results suggested positive association between omega 3 fatty acid andhomocysteine quartiles, suggesting the significant role of omega 3 fatty acids in the regulation of homocysteine level. However, the association of omega 3 fatty acid was not found with CRP levels, which suggested the very little or no role of omega 3 fatty acid in lowering the level of CRP. Moreover, diabetic status was not found to be associated with either homocysteine quartiles or CRP levels. This finding concluded that homocysteine and CRP may not be involved in regulating the blood circulating blood sugar. The result of the statistical t-test showed that waist circumference was directly associated with diabetes, which indicated obesity as a major indicator of diabetes. This finding supported several other previous findings that studied the association between obesity and type 2 diabetes (Daousi, et.al. 2006 and Yajnik and Ganpule, 2010). Interestingly, another CVD risk factor, total blood cholesterol was found to be significantly higher in non-diabetics. However, whether HDL or LDL was higher non-diabetics was not measured, making it difficult to draw any conclusion from this finding. Other factors, such as BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, were not found to be associated with diabetes. These results seemed slightly contradictory as previous studies have found the correlation between these parameters and diabetes (Bays, et.al. 2007 and Mancia, 2005)., Interestingly, linkage was found between diabetes and glycosylate haemoglobin and omega 3 fatty acids, which suggested the implication of thee tow factor in diabetes risk. These findings corroborate with similar other findings. Edelman, et.al (2013) reported that high level of HbA1c was associated with higher incidence of type 2 diabetes. Similarly, another study by Virtanen, et.al (2013) suggested that intake of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid w as associated with long-term lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, the results showed no association between CRP and diabetes, which contradicted the inflammatory pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (Muqabo and Renier, 2010). Another important finding was that diabetic status was directly associated with the distribution of homocysteine quartiles, which supported the previous findings by Ndrepepa, et.al (2008) and Badiou, et.al (2012) as explained earlier. Relationship between omega 3 fatty acid and homocysteine This study showed positive association between omega 3 fatty acid and homocysteine level, suggesting the role of omega 3 fatty acids in regulating the level of homocysteine in the body. As discussed earlier, homocysteine is an important biomarker of CVD and control of which may reduce the risk of CVD. These findings support previous finding by Kulkarni, et.al (2011) who studied the association of omega 3 fatty acid with homocysteine concentrations. In the study they found that altered omega 3 fatty acids (mainly docosahexaenoic acid) may lead to increased homocysteine concentration. However, majority of studies have focused on the association between omega 3 fatty acids and other CVD markers such as LDL, blood sugar and clotting factors (Yeh, et.al. 2009; Etherton, et.al. 2002). Thus, further long term studies should be done to unravel the possible association between omega 3 fatty acid and homocysteine. Limitations Despite some interesting findings, the study had few limitations. The association of omega 3 fatty acids with homocysteine and CRP was only studied in diabetics and non-diabetics. The study would have given much clearer conclusion if the implication of omega 3 fatty acids and its biomarkers was also investigated in CVD patients. Moreover, although the study found the correlation between cholesterol and diabetes, it did not assess whether HDL or LDL had greater implication in diabetics. Clinical implications of the findings and future research Diabetes and CVD disease are two chronic conditions that are the major killers among all the diseases. Preventive measures and early diagnosis remains the key for proper management of the disease. This study suggests the beneficial role of omega 3 fatty acids in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. More so, the study also showed the association of omega 3 fatty acids with CVD markers such as homocysteine, cholesterol, as well as diabetes marker such as HbA1c. Thus, people who are at risk of developing CVD and diabetes can be encouraged to intake diet rich in omega 3 fatty acids. But , the association of omega 3 fatty acid with inflammatory maker, CRP remained inconclusive. Also, whether increased homocysteine in diabetics was associated with CVD was beyond the scope of this project and demands further studies. Future studied should be done to see the effects of omega 3 fatty acids in altering homocysteine level and CRP in CVD patients. References Bays, H.E., Chapman, R.H., Grandy, S. SHIELD Investigators’ Group 2007, â€Å"The relationship of body mass index to diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidaemia: comparison of data from two national surveys†, International journal of clinical practice, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 737-747. Daousi, C., Casson, I.F., Gill, G.V., MacFarlane, I.A., Wilding, J.P. Pinkney, J.H. 2006, â€Å"Prevalence of obesity in type 2 diabetes in secondary care: association with cardiovascular risk factors†, Postgraduate medical journal, vol. 82, no. 966, pp. 280-284. Edelman, D., Olsen, M.K., Dudley, T.K., Harris, A.C. Oddone, E.Z. 2004, â€Å"Utility of hemoglobin A1c in predicting diabetes risk†, Journal of general internal medicine, vol. 19, no. 12, pp. 1175-1180. Etherton, P.M.K., Harris, W.S andAppel, L.J, 2002. AHA Scientific Statement. â€Å"Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Cardiovascular Disease†, vol. 106, pp. 2747-2757. Kulkarni, A., Mehendale, S., Pisal, H., Kilari, A., Dangat, K., Salunkhe, S., Taralekar, V. Joshi, S. 2011, â€Å"Association of omega-3 fatty acids and homocysteine concentrations in pre-eclampsia†, Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland), vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 60-64. Mancia, G. 2005, â€Å"The association of hypertension and diabetes: prevalence, cardiovascular risk and protection by blood pressure reduction†, ActaDiabetologica, vol. 42 Suppl 1, pp. S17-25. Mugabo, Y., Li, L. Renier, G. 2010, â€Å"The connection between C-reactive protein (CRP) and diabetic vasculopathy. Focus on preclinical findings†, Current diabetes reviews, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 27-34. Virtanen, J.K., Mursu, J., Voutilainen, S., Uusitupa, M. Tuomainen, T.P. 2013, â€Å"Serum Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Incident Type 2 Diabetes in Men: The Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study†, Diabetes care. Yajnik, C.S. Ganpule-Rao, A.V. 2010, â€Å"The obesity-diabetes association: what is different in indians?†, The international journal of lower extremity wounds, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 113-115. Yeh, E, Wood, R.D, Leeson, S and Squires, E.J, 2009.British poultry science. â€Å"Effect of dietary omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids on clotting activities of Factor V, VII and X in fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome-susceptible laying hens†, vol. 50, no.3, pp. 582-392. How to cite Nutrition and Dietetics Proposal-Discussion/Conclusion, Essay examples

Roles and Responsibilities free essay sample

The size of the governing body ranges from minimum of 9 to a maximum of 20 schools. There are categories of governors including parent governors who are elected by other parents although the governing body can appoint if sufficient parents stand. Staff governors the head teacher is a member by virtue of their office. Both teaching and support staff are eligible for staff governorship and are elected by the school staff, volunteers at the school are ineligible. Local education authority governors are appointed by the local authority. Community governors are appointed by the governing body to represent community interests. Community governors can be people who live or work in the community served by the school. Foundation and partnership governors are appointed by schools founding body, church or other organisations named in the schools instruments of government. If the school has a religious character the foundation governors must preserve this. If the school has no foundation or equivalent body, the foundation governors are replaced by partnership governors appointed by the governing body after a nominations process. Sponsor governors are appointed by the governing body it is at the governing body’s discretion whether they choose to appoint sponsor governors or not. The governing can appoint 2 people as sponsor governors or up to 4 where the school is a secondary school. Associate members can be appointed to serve on one or more governing body committees and attend full governing body meetings. Pupils, school staff and people who want to contribute specifically on issues related to their area of expertise can be appointed as associate members, They are appointed for a period of between one and four years but are not governors. School governors will make regular visits to oversee the delivery of their scheduled subject, report to the curriculum sub-committee and to the full governing body. B) The head teacher has overall responsibility for the leadership and management of the school, should ensure the school is well managed, organised, providing leadership and direction. Support teachers and other staff, ensuring appropriate policies and procedures are in place. Ensuring good relationships are fostered within the whole school community. The deputy head plays a major role in managing the school and has responsibility for the school in the absence of the head teacher, responsible for a curriculum area and/or specific aspect of management. The deputy head may have a reduced teaching commitment with no overall class responsibilities or they could have a teaching commitment and responsible for a class. Some schools may have an assistant head teacher to support the head and deputy head teacher with the management of the school. Key stage co-ordinator lead and manage either key stage 1-2 in primary schools or key stage 3-4 in secondary schools, they also have a teaching commitment with class responsibility. C) Special education needs co-ordinator (SENCO) responsible for the day-to-day provision for pupils with SEN, ensuring the implementations of the SEN code of practice and provide professional guidance on SEN. Designated senior person for child protection will take lead responsibility for dealing with child protection issues, provide advise and support to other staff, liaise with the authorities, work with other organisations as necessary referring concerns about issues to local authority children’s social care, providing information for police investigations and/or enquiries under section 47 of the children Act 1989. The delegated person responsible for health and safety in school will assist in the implementation, monitoring and development of the health and safety policy within the school. Co-ordinate arrangements for the design and implementations of safe working practices within the school for the dissemination of information and instruction of employees, pupils, students and visitors on safety matters and to make recommendations on the extent to which staff are trained. Identify and investigate any specific health and safety problems within the school and take or recommend actions to be taken. D) The teacher will be responsible for planning and preparation for meeting the needs of all pupils, setting and marking work, assessing, recording and reporting on the development, progress and attainment of pupils. Promoting the wellbeing of individual pupils while maintaining good order and discipline among the pupils and safeguard their health and safety. E) Support staff have non-teaching tasks such as collecting money, chasing absences ‘ teachers will inform the relevant member of staff when students are absent from lessons or school’, bulk photocopying, copy typing and produce standard letters ‘ teachers may be required to contribute as appropriate in formulating the content of standard letters’ also involved in producing class lists, record keeping and filling, classroom displays, analyzing attendance, processing exam results, ordering supplies and equipment, stock checking, seeking and giving advice, invigilating examinations. Teaching assistant may read and clarify textbooks for a pupil, read to individual pupils or small groups. Interacting with children to aid in their development, observe/record a pupils progress during activities, report problems and successes to their teacher, contributing to the planning and review meetings about pupils.

Stevie Essay Example For Students

Stevie Essay http://www.fibrohugs.com/html/inspiration_stevie.htmlStevie is the story about a young boy who overcame a lot of obstacles to become one ofthe best workers that his field ever had. Stevie has his boss quoted was â€Å" short, a little dumpy,with the smooth facial features and a thick tongued speech of down syndrome.† His boss evenused to be worried to he wouldn’t work out, that all the people that go there to dine thatweren’t truckers would not like him very much. So for the first couple of weeks his boss watchedhim a lot, and made sue that he was doing everything right. Stevie soon became the center of attention everybody in the dinner loved him. He hadthe workers doing everything he wanted and the people soon made him their mascot. Eventhough he was the center of attention Stevie never forgot about his duties that he had. Hewould always make sure that everything was in place, the salt and pepper shakers were alwaysin place, and there were never any bread crumbs or spots left one table. The only problems thatthey would ever have from him would be that he would like to clean the tables while people werestill sitting at them . The best things about Stevie was that he took pride in is work. We will write a custom essay on Stevie specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Stevie grew up with his widowed mother who was disable because she had cancer. Theyonly thing they had to live on was Social Security. His boss started to learn that what ever heearned there was what keeping him and his mother alive, and making get sent to a group home. When Stevie missed work for the 1st time in three years everybody was very sad.He hadbegan to have heart problems and was gonna get tested to see if he could get a new heart. After he had the survey everybody was happy when they found out that Stevie was doing reallyWhen the truckers heard what Stevie and his mother would have to go through to pay therepeople, decided to donate money. Truckers and other people that would come there donate atotal of $10,000 to Stevie and his mother so that they could help them. When Stevie turned to work after his survey he was scared that his job would be gone. He called his work ten time in the week to make sure everything would be okay. When he got towork with his mom the morning that he would start work again, his boss asked him to wait for acouple of minutes. He then said that he wanted Steve to follow him. Stevie did and his bosstook him to a table in the back that was covered with cups and napkins, his boss asked him topick then up and clean it up when h found the money. Stevie was so happy. After he said thankyou instead of staying their socializing, Stevie started cleaning up. This is what has made himone of the best workers a person could ever have. Bibliography:

The Withered Arm Essays

The Withered Arm Essays The Withered Arm Paper The Withered Arm Paper Essay Topic: Literature In this essay I am going to try my best to answer the question Who do you think is to blame for the tragedy of The Withered Arm? I will attempt to include as much information and reasons to whom I think is to be blamed and why. I will try to justify these reasons with various quotes and descriptions by referring to the text. Thomas Hardy was born in 1840 and died in 1825. He was a great novelist who wrote many famous novels such as Mayor of Casterbridge and Far From The Madding Crowd. These novels are now known for being classic literature. Most of the novels he wrote were depressing and ironic. The Withered Arm is one of many Thomas Hardy short novels, it is set in the late 1800s in a village called Holmstoke that has a small rural community of mostly milkmaids. There are three main characters in this novel they consist of: Farmer Lodge; a wealthy and respected man, who is well known for his good reputation. Also there is Rhoda Brook; a not so wealthy woman and less fortunate than Farmer Lodge with a reputation of being a witch. Lastly there is also Gertrude Lodge; she is Farmer Lodges new wife. .. They say shes rosy-cheeked, titsy-totsy little body enough. They/The men become ill and frustrated. At the end of the story they have an argument, that ends tragically. Kayerts accidently kills Carlier because of some sugar he wants to have in his tea. On the next day, before the boat arrives, Kayerts kills himself/commits suicide. 2. This book is both a psychological thriller and a political statement. Written in 1896, Joseph Conrad gives an account of two white traders, Carlier and Kayerts, who are out- posted in Africa at a trading station. Although the Europeans do trade goods, their underlying purpose is to export civilization, from Europe to Africa. Carlier and Kayerts are living in colonial times. England and other European countries have control over Africa. The native people are seen as in need of being civilized. 3. As the steamer that drops them off fades into the distance, Carlier and Kayerts already begin to feel uneasy. Out in the jungle with no other Europeans to support their views about the world, they sense that they are out of their element, and not up to the task they have been assigned. Their predecessor lies.. 4. Summary 5. Kayerts and Carlier are put in charge of a remote and . unpromising trading station on a river. Its previous agent 7. died of fever and his grave, marked by a cross, forms part 8. of the outpost. The director of the trading company, who 9. predicts their failure, leaves them with enough provisions 10. to last for the six months until his envisaged return. Makola, 11. ‘a civilized nigger’ who lives with his family on the outpost, 12. is responsible for the acquisition and storage o f ivory and is 13. in charge of the ten black men working (not very effectively) 14. at the post. The other group of natives, ‘Father’ Gobila’s 15. people, are friendly and provide the station with local 16. supplies. When a group of fierce-looking black strangers 17. appears in the compound, Makola behaves very strangely 18. and makes clandestine arrangements to sell the ten station 19. men to the strangers in return for six beautiful tusks that 20. are deposited in the yard. It gradually dawns on Kayerts 21. and Carlier that they have become involved in a terrible 22. crime, but after discarding their initial pangs of guilt are 23. omforted by the thought of lucrative commissions on the 24. ivory. The steamer is late, their provisions are running low 25. and the physical and mental state of the two white men 26. deteriorates rapidly. Demoralized by a quarrel over the last 27. lumps of sugar, they begin to fight, and Kayerts shoots the 28. unarmed Carlier in what he believes to be self-defence. 29. When the steamer finally arrives, the director discovers 30. Kayerts’s body hanging from the cross with his tongue 31. disrespectfully stuck out at him. Withered arm In a novel structured around contrasts, the main opposition is between Swithin St Cleeve and Lady Viviette Constantine, who are presented as binary figures in a series of ways: aristocratic and lower class, youthful and mature, single and married, fair and dark, religious and agnostic†¦she [Lady Viviette Constantine] is also deeply conventional, absurdly wishing to conceal their marriage until Swithin has achieved social status through his scientific work, which gives rise to uncontrolled ironies and tragic-comic misunderstandings (Harvey 108). | †| Hardy’s stories take into onsideration the events of life and their effects. Fate plays a significant role as the thematic basis for many of his novels. Characters are constantly encountering crossroads, which are symbolic of a point of opportunity and transition. Far From the Madding Crowd tells a tale of liv es that are constructed by chance. â€Å"Had Bathsheba not sent the valentine, had Fanny not missed her wedding, for example, the story would have taken an entirely different path. †[13] Once things have been put into motion, they will play out. Hardys characters are in the grips of an overwhelming fate. [edit] Poetry Thomas Hardy was born and grew up near Dorchester in the county town of Dorset. Dorset was the inspiration of most of his work although he did include areas such as Devon, Somerset, Cornwall, Hampshire, Wiltshire, Berkshire and Oxfordshire. Various stories written by Thomas Hardy have been based, borrowed and enhanced from experiences told to many generations of the Hardy family. The areas the stories are set around are a fictional country called Wessex, based on the area he lived up in. By setting the stories in an area well known to Hardy he is able to go into detail, but also make them sound as realistic as possible. Hardy even uses the regional dialect to bring his stories to life and make the reader think they are there. By locating the stories in the countryside, Hardy gives the stories a slower, more relaxed way of life, with different values to those illustrating inner city life. The countryside generally consists of a closer network of people compared to the city life, because of the smaller more involved community, people may care more of what other individuals think of them which generates the different values, principles and morals. From the story, The Withered Arm, I have chosen to investigate the character, Rhoda Brook. In the story, Rhoda plays an interesting character, motivated by her initial jealously towards other people. Rhodas character is one that develops throughout the story. Hardy lets his readers imagine what Rhoda looks like as he gives little description of her physical appearance. He does state that she is tall from the quote, aâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦and if shes tall as tall as I taken from page 2. He also reveals she has dark eyes, a quote from page 5 follows Her eyes, then, are not dark like mine? This can be perceived in two slightly different ways. The obvious first is that of a physical feature. The second less apparent characteristic is of a devious, manipulative and possibly scheming aspect, perhaps based on her own personality. It is clear that Rhoda does not have the choice to work or not, and, later it becomes apparent that she lives on her own with her son, who is around the age of twelve. Rhoda is determined to ensure that her son admires her. His personal view of his mother is important to her; she may feel threatened by Farmer Lodges new wife and this maybe the reason why she sent her son out to see what she looks like. This inflicts a shallow, insecure view of herself, in that she believes physical characteristics are more significant than personality. As a mother it is important to Rhoda to protect her son from any idol gossip he may hear about her from the village where they live. This is possibly why they moved away. However, at the beginning of the story when the milking maids were talking about Rhoda and Framer Lodge she did not seem too worried about what other people thought of her. She wishes to keep her son away from anything that may encourage him to resent her. Rhodas relationship towards the male characters in the story is barely existent. Rhoda avoids conversation with most males. This may have something to do with past experiences; perhaps she had been hurt from previous relationships and now avoids any contact with the opposite sex. She possesses a great amount of hatred towards Farmer Lodge this may be, for not accepting or acknowledging her sibling on the account of their failed relationship. The only positive relationship Rhoda has with a male character in the story is her son, Jamie. The first impressions of Rhoda are noticeably different to the ones found whilst looking into her character more intensely. My personal first impressions of her were of a woman driven by jealously and the need to be in control of every situation. However, looking further into her disposition she simply has an insecure view of situations. To outside people she may come across as a strong character, though deep down, she is more emotional than the male characters in the story. Rhoda rarely involves herself with any conversation, however she is respectful towards other people, though on occasions she does misinterpret situations, which may be looked upon as disrespectful. This can be interpreted from the pages 9 to 10, where upon Gertrude appears at Rhodas house from some boots from her son. By the way Rhoda acts towards Gertrude implies to the reader that she is jealous and embarrassed, as she cannot provide for her own offspring. Another reason why Rhoda may have come across as disrespectful to Gertrude is because of her own fear of her son rejecting her. Within the small community in which Rhoda lives, other women view Rhoda as an outcast. From the beginning of the story in the cow dairy Thomas Hardy makes it clear to the reader that Rhoda is not very involved with local gossip and that perhaps she lacks communication with other people. An example of this is at the start in the dairy, when there is much conversation going on about Farmer Lodge, Rhoda does not get involved. This is reiterated when members of the cow dairy begin to talk about Rhoda behind her back. Rhoda makes no effort to confront these comments and presumably carries on with her work. Rhoda barely goes into her local parish and market, and usually sends her son to do any odd jobs for her. She says to him on page 2, I shall send you for a few things to marketaâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦ Rhoda and her son, also live considerably far away from the market, this was taken from, aâ‚ ¬Ã‚ ¦your house is the nearest outside our own parish. This may imply that Rhoda and her son live in the middle of two different parishes, or perhaps she does not live within a parish, both these suggestions cause difficulties for Rhoda if ever she wanted to be more involved with community events. Rhodas quirky character varies a lot, from other females that live within the network where she lives and works. However I feel there is a strong connection between Rhoda and Gertrude, in that they are both strong outcasts in the co mmunity. Event though much they may dispute it, their characters are very alike. The narrative viewpoint differs from each story. The Sons Veto and The Withered Arm are written by using an omniscient narrator, which is a use of narrator that is not a character within the story. Whereas, Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver uses first person narrative. 1st person narrative is when the story is told by one of the characters point of view. This may seem more friendly and authentic because of the use of the local regional dialect. However by using one character to explain the story we can only experience and explore their feelings and point of view, which gives a biased and perhaps fiction analysis over situations. The omniscient style of narrative sees everything, which gives an unbiased view of what is happening in the story they are more truthful and factual then the use of a 1st person narrative. Depending on the different personalities of the readers influences the way they read and interpret different styles of writing. To some people omniscient narrative encourages them to sympathise towards particular characters, as they are aware of everything that is happening and all the different feelings from the characters are expressed, generated and articulated. However other readers may feel that because all the feelings of all the characters are expressed they are basic and therefore find it difficult sympathise and relate to any of the characters. 1st person narrative only gives the viewpoint from one character, this may encourage the reader to sympathise with the character telling the story as it persuades them that they are involved in the story, as the character is talking directly to them. However certain people may find it hard to sympathise with this style of writing as it may promote the curiosity of how other characters are feeling and as a consequence may cause the reader to reject the character telling the story. This can be related to the story, Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver as the story ends we begin to feel a great amount of anxiety towards Tony because of the way he treats Milly. We do not sympathise with Tony. Whilst comparing and contrasting these stories I have noticed similarities and differences between them. Each character has strong and weak points about their personality. Rhoda is weak because she doesnt want to get hurt, Sophy is weak because she moved away from her village to avoid public mockery and Milly is weak for accepting Tonys marriage proposal knowing that she wasnt his first choice. However Rhoda is strong because she does not care what people think about her, she tends to rise above gossip also she is a single mother and has raised her child on her own. Sophy is strong because she has carried on living her life despite what happened to her after her accident. Milly is also strong because she has shown that despite how Tony has treated her she has stood up and shown she loves him by saying she will marry him. Rhoda and Sophy have learnt to put other people before themselves because each of them have children this may encourage them to be less selfish and learn to accept they cannot have everything in life. These two characters are different to the image and role of women during Hardys time. All the women have experienced failed relationships by the lack of commitment. Each of the women has become second best and has not experienced true love because of this. Sophy made sacrifices for her son, Rhoda has become second best to Gertrude and Milly was third best to Unity and Hannah. All the characters are perhaps viewed negatively by the local community. The character I respect the most is Rhoda because of her out going personality and the fact does not care what people think of her. In this essay I have investigated three main characters from the stories, The Withered Arm, Tony Kytes the Arch Deceiver and The Sons Veto. From this I have been able to identify any differences and similarities between the characters. The different female roles Hardy has explored through these short stories are realistic and believable, fore the particular time he has chosen to set them in. He has written about different situations and chosen carefully the types of personalities his characters will have. H. employs specific narrative techniques: he established historical distance Adopted a narrative technique called intradiegetical discourse which deploys an alternative internal narrator to the task of telling the tale. (local Historian, old surgeon,) He is master of this mode of discourse Narration structure:

Business and Society Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business and Society - Case Study Example From this study it is clear that Warhead cables were used in missiles and to prove its quality, it underwent a series of tests. It was tested using an elevated heat test where it was bent at a ninety degree angle and placed in an oven at approximately 105 degrees for seven hours. If the seal did not delaminate, then the cables passed the test. Then Stanton could prepare a detailed report of the test results. In the previous week, a large order came by with a short time period.   On Friday, Stanton tested the batch of cables and two out of the ten tested had a problem. He immediately reported this to Harry who directed him to wait and see if the source inspector could note the problem. Stanton did not like this directive at all as he thought of all innocent civilians out there who would suffer form this unethical behavior. These cables were used in missiles fuses and Stanton was worried sick of a problem arising if these cables were to be used. What if a missile was to fire itself a nd harm innocent civilians? He thought of anyone in the parent corporation that he could contact but to no avail.According to the discussion  Bryson corporation should act ethically due to the dangers they would be exposing civilians into if they failed to act ethically. Considering the warhead cables are used to manufacture switches used in missiles unethical behavior could cost innocent lives in the case of such missiles firing themselves.

Youth transnationalism backpacking and tourism in Thailand Essay

Youth transnationalism backpacking and tourism in Thailand - Essay Example The reality is that record numbers of tourists are choosing to travel internationally, many for extended periods of time. While the traditional short stay vacation of one week in a resort style of facility will likely remain, there has been a tremendous surge in the number of individuals, particularly young people, who choose to take several months off from their existence in their home country to travel around and explore new cultures foreign to their own. Commonly referred to as ‘backpackers’, these travellers are more interested in the local culture and people of the countries they choose to visit, and are less interested in the fancy resorts and holiday destinations that have long been considered the backbone of the tourist industry (Allon, 2004). Backpackers today greatly contribute to the local customs of their country of choice, as they tend to blend into the community life, in many cases choosing to work for a few months, and generally contribute to overall youth tourism market exploding internationally. Perhaps few regions of the world are as notorious for backpacking journeys than the nations of Southeast Asia. The region, having been opened up for tourism in recent decades, is ripe with culture and tradition that attracts young people from around the globe who want to leave behind the Western lifestyle for a time and experience something new. Owing to its openness to foreigners and its relatively carefree lifestyles, Thailand is perhaps the best country to study for this phenomenon. Over the years, the tourism market for backpackers in Thailand has evolved into its own sector of the overall hospitality industry in the country. Backpackers are present in nearly every region of the country, many choosing to say for multiple months, and they have almost become integrated into the overall landscape of the country as well. This study will examine the recent youth tourism movement in Thailand by focusing specifically on backpackers. Current tr ends and factors driving the growth of the backpacker movement will be analyzed, along with an exploration of various strategic opportunities to further develop the backpacker and working holiday option for the tourism industry in Thailand moving forward. 1.2 Trends in the Global Backpacker Phenomenon The trend of backpacking around the world has gained such momentum, that many tourist agencies are launching campaigns specifically targeting this particular demographic. Research indicates that backpackers tend to spend more money during other traditional types of tourists, largely due to the fact that they stay longer in one region (Hampton, 2013). Backpackers do tend to be more adventurous than other types of travellers, so regions of the world that have a great deal to offer these particular individuals are the ones that typically go after their business. Australia is perhaps the best example of this. New South Wales, in fact, specifically targets backpackers on their website and t hroughout various industry trade shows around the globe. In doing so, they hope to highlight the numerous cultural and adventure type activities that should attract and lure the average backpacker to spend a considerable amount of time in the area (Allon, 2004). New South Wales, and many other areas around the globe, see considerable advantages in attracting backpackers to their location. While many of these factors will be discussed in Chapter Two, it bears mentioning that the average backpacker does need to be marketed to in a slightly different manner than other types of travellers. To begin, the trend that has been realized recently is that backpackers tend to lean towards budget accommodation. Because of the longevity of their

Leadership Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Leadership - Coursework Example These numerous studies have identified a variety of skills, personalities, and competencies that leaders possess. These studies include the renowned political and sociological legendary leaders as well as in the organizational set up. In the present context, an evaluation of the concept of leadership is done based on the teachings of Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy (2008) who assert that leadership is a complex phenomenon that involves the leader, the followers, and the situation. In the present context, leadership is assessed based on these three critical elements; in addition, leadership skills essential for effective leadership have been evaluated. Further, impact of management on leadership and vice versa has also been assessed. These evaluations are based on leadership conceptualization of Hughes et al (2008) with reference to leadership conceptualization made by Zenger and Folkman (2009). References have been made to Zaleznik’s (1992) article that differentiates manages from leaders. Personal experiences with respect to leadership have also been opined and explained. Considering Hughes et al.’s (2008) explanation of leadership, it is difficult to arrive at one specific definition of leadership because the definition depends upon the kind of leader being studied, the situation as well as the followers’ perception of their leader.... These people are self driven and proactive. However, for leaders to be effective, they must possess specific skills, which will enhance their effectiveness as leaders. Zaleznik (1992) describes individual leader as a person with unique qualities that distinguishes the leader form the rest of the group on the basis of courage, personality, and ability to control others. This does not mean that leaders tend to exert power or authority to control others or display their courage. Though famous leaders are known to have lead by these qualities, they possess other qualities that actually attract huge masses of people into believing in what the leader believes and influence them to achieving what the leader envisages. This means the leader’s vision eventually becomes people’s shared vision. Leaders can exert such influence on others through their effective and powerful communication, convincing abilities, inspiring speeches, conversations as well as actions. Zaleznik (1992) ar gued that leadership cannot be taught or trained; however, Hughes et al (2008) assert that leadership can be taught and leaders can be made. Usually great leaders or highly talented people emerge from those who were once seen as submissive, self-absorbed, or indifferent. Zaleznik (1992) refers to Albert Einstein, who was once seen as a mediocre and timid student in school and later became the world’s renowned scientist through his irrefutable discoveries and propositions. Einstein is known as a human being with unique set of abilities and passion for his work. Though he is known to be highly talented, he was extremely hardworking and passionate towards his work, which took him to the great discoveries. Other such notable leaders are Abraham

Film Review of The Others (2011)

Film Review of The Others (2011) THE OTHERS FILM REVIEW:  Make Sure You all Double Check Youre Alive. By DYLAN B. TO Published March 6, 2017 Nicole Kidman as Grace in 2001s The Others Over sixteen years ago, on Thursday August 2, 2011, Alejandro Amenà ¡bars The Others, was released to the public. Why exactly are we looking back on this sixteen-year-old ghost story that was awarded a very respectable 82% on Rotten Tomatoes? Because it still manages to be relevant. It tackles modern issues of domestic abuse, violence as well as challenges the formula[DT1] of an evil scary monster or ghost that haunts an individual that produces the movies we know today. In a day an age when the slated line up of horror films for the year consists of a multitude of sequels such as The Conjuring 3, Insidious 4, and Saw VIII, a movie like The Others is a refreshing watch. The Others, an almost two-decade old film is a tantalizing ghost story that takes place in 1945 on an isolated rustic house on the island of Jersey, located in the English Channel[DT2]. However, it is curious, the mother and children, as well as the three servants, don age old Victorian attire, as well as other [DT3]elements reminiscent of its inspiration, the classic Victorian novella, The Turn of The Screw, by Henry James, such as the setting itself, as well as the plot line of deceased servants of the home coming back and haunting the new residents. The Spanish director who wrote and directed the film, Alejandro Amenabar, (his first film in English) accentuates the horror of the film through a complex and intelligent setup. Three servants (Fionnula Flanagan as Mrs. Betha Mills, Eric Sykes as Mr. Edmund Tuttle, and Elain Cassidy as Lydia) arrive at the doorstep of the manor, where Grace Stewart (Nicole Kidman), the matriarch of the house, tells them about the lack of electricity, phone or radio in the home. Additionally, the windows of the home must be covered with heavy curtains, as well as no door must be opened unless the one before is closed.[DT4] Due to her young children, Anne (Alakina Mann) and Nicholas (James Bentley), both being ultra-photosensitive to a point where light is fatal to them. Thus, 50 doors, the 15 keys, poorly lit corridors, cavernous lit only by a lamp or fire places, molds a skeleton for the director to manipulate.[DT5] Amenabar manages to pilot with this peculiar setting with incredible precision and efficiency, producing frightening context that is unveiled over the two-hour run time. The large Victorian house seems to be haunted mysterious laughter and weeping could be heard through the walls, Anne swears she sees an unknown young boy and old woman, locked doors are left open, and a piano playing by itself. Director Amenabar knows that what is unseen scares us viewers more than what we can, and he utilizes some of the most minimal old school cinematography techniques to enhance this: snappy tracking shots, reverse cutting, and littering the soundtrack with bellowing cellos and ear-bleeding shrieking violins maximizing the jabs of terror and horror of the setting. Within the first 40 minutes of screen time, Amenabar manages to produce a fog of ambiguity out of his fog machine of directorship, reminiscent of the films inspiration from The Turn of the Screw. Are the children playing tricks on their hysterical mother? Do the servants have some sort of hidden agenda? Is the film psychological or paranormal? Are any of the ghost in the movie as frightening as Grace herself, whose strict and borderline insane parental skills are a mixture of high-strung temperament and religious bigotry? Actress Nicole Kidman nails her performance of this unstable mix with such conviction that it adds its own element of terror to the film. The exciting moment where Kidman is ravaging through the hallways and doors, with immense rage and confusion, cocking an old shotgun is a highlight that shows her acting chops[DT6]. Her stylish and multilayered performances that can be seen in some of her recent work, gives the film some extra incentive to watch. The film is not without flaw, however. The directors technical direction doesnt quite match his conceptualization. The film takes some confusing turns and is not entirely proficient in displaying the rule of thumb[DT7] of horror movies. The supernatural elements must have some sort of explanation, as the product of fear is not sold without its believability. Perhaps this is the same reason the film is openly compared to M. Night Shyamalan The Sixth Sense. This movies premise, is stated clearly by Mrs. Mills (Fionnula Flanagan), the housekeeper, is that the world of the dead gets mixed up in the world of the living.. Further through the story, she claims the intruders are bad and not to be trifled with, and yet is contradicted by her own statement in the closing of the film, we must all learn to live together, the living and the dead. The methods the film uses to address [DT8]the rest of its ghostly phenomena as confusing and contradicting as those moments in the movie. Despite[DT9]The Others not making complete sense in some ways, it has its fair share of pleasantries. There is something refreshing about seeing a filmmaker embrace classic and old fashion horror essentials with such care and precision. And there is a deeper satisfaction and enjoyment found in watching Nicole Kidman transcend the haunted paranormal that threatens to consume her. Her bone-chilling performance sells the product of fear that convinces even me, someone that considers himself a realist, that ghosts exist. As I have mentioned before, the film tackles various relevancies in current times. The truth we find in the end ties to domestic abuse shown by the intense dynamic between the mother and children, violence from the context of WWII and certain qualms with religion. The flow of events generally ties back to these, in subtle ways control the plot. Due to these ties, the relevant themes add some extra meaning to the film if connected back to our current situations with war in the middle east, violence that is still occurring in homes, as well as some religious bouts elsewhere in the world. As a film in general, The Others, though not at all plot driven, is something entirely unique from what you would see today in theaters. The craftsmanship of the screenplay, on its own sets itself apart from films such as The Conjuring, and its sequel(soon to be trilogy), that rely on the standard paranormal villainy and horror. The Others banks on the never before seen perspective of those that are the paranormal rather than those of the affected by the paranormal (well other than Casper the Friendly Ghost). The robust and engaging acting of the characters such as Kidman, and unique perspective of the film, makes this 2001 horror movie something to be seen even in this day and age.

Twelve Angry Men Essay -- essays research papers

Twelve Angry Men is a very interesting play about an unfortunate young man, who was convicted of killing his dad. The worst part was, the young man was only nineteen, and his life was just starting. The jurors listened to all the evidence, then came the hard part, making the decision: guilty, or innocent. Eleven jurors said guilty and only one said innocent. There was a lot of peer pressure involved. I decided to write about different peer pressures three of the jurors used. The three jurors I picked are juror #10, juror #7, and juror #8.The first juror I want to write about is #10. Juror #10 was using a lot of sarcasm, whenever he was trying to prove his point, or prove someone else wrong. I think that this method of peer pressure is one of the most powerful ones. I believes so, because when you are embarrassed in front of 11 other people (in this case jurors) you do not know, really lowers your self-esteem. It may lower it to the point where you will say guilty, eve though deep down inside, you will feel that the person is innocent. This is a quote I picked to illustrate sarcasm skillfully used by #10: "You're a pretty smart fellow, aren't you?" I think this one sentence could really put anyone down, and make anyone feel embarrassed, and maybe stupid. Another juror I decided to write about is #7. He was muscle flexing most of the time. Muscle flexing means, he was raising his voice, even screaming at everyone, as if he was the boss. Whenever #8 was trying to ...

Art History: Abstract Art vs. Pop Art Essay

There have been different art forms that have come and gone over the course of time. Some of the most intriguing art forms in my mind come from the 20th century. Out of all of these 20th century art forms, geometric abstract art and pop art are my favorite. These two art movements came close to each other in reference to time period. Geometric abstract art originated in the 7th century but became a dominant movement in 1937. Pop art emerged in the 1950s. These two art forms were similar in ways but they had different moods of expression. We will take a closer look at each one of these forms of art. Geometric abstraction form uses lines, squares, triangles and circles painted with primary or secondary colors or are sculpted in steel or aluminum. As mentioned, the focus of geometric abstraction began in New York after the outbreak of World War II where the tradition was continued by the American Abstract Artists group formed in 1937. The War had a great impact on the economy that was struggling to recover. War is always something that has effects on families and friends that have the daily threat of losing loved ones to injuries or even death. Being that art is a mighty way to express one self, geometric abstraction became popular throughout this time in history. The economic recovery after the war was positive and geometric abstract art had a strong impact on the society at that time. This art form has continued and is still seen various places in today’s society. One of the most famous geometric abstract srtists was Kazimir Malevich. Malevich is famous for his painting The Black Spuare. He was known for expressing himself in a spiritual way through his work. Music was one of his main ways to express himself but geometric abstraction was Malevich’s way of expressing â€Å"pure feeling.† This â€Å"pure feeling† is expressed in his work, The Black Square. This square was simply represented many things. It represented feeling, God, a void, and an icon. It is amazing how one great artist can use a simple square that represented so many things. This form of art has passed down to our generation what it means to express yourself through art. The Pop Art period came immediately after the Geometric abstraction period. This form of art originated in Britain way back in the mid 1950’s. Sometime from the late 1950’s, through the 1960’s it made its way into America and flourished throughout the 1970’s. This art was known as â€Å"fun† art because of the sense of humor portrayed in the art. This art period marked the end of modernism and was at the beginning of the postmodern era. â€Å"With respect to pop art, an artist would select required material fro, its source, isolate the entities that it is composed of and combine them with others extracted in a similar manner for consideration (pop art).† The social conditions that may have contributed to this style included the need by the artists to cut out identities and niches, â€Å"due to the academic orientation that was taking shape (pop art).† The term â€Å"pop art† began with artist Lawrence Aalloway. Lawrence was and English art critic that used this term to break away from the dominance of abstract art. The main point of pop art as a whole was to bring art back into the daily life of Americans. One of the most famous Pop Art artist is Andy Warhol. Andy was one of the first artist to use â€Å"repetition for allowing an iconic image to lose all value (pop art).† Andy’s most famous works of art is the Campbell’s soup cans. This started in 1962. Campbell’s soup can labels are very popular even in todays society. We see them on a regular basis in everyday life. Because it is so common, it has had a huge impact on advertisement for the Campbell’s soup company. Pop art began to be a great form of advertisement for many companies. This is one of the biggest impacts that pop art has on today’s society and art world. Little did Andy Warhol know, but his design would still be dominant and popular in 2012. These two art forms can be compared by looking at what the artist were trying to convey. Artists from both forms use their art to express some kind of emotion. They do this by using vibrant and neon colors. There are also the same in that they are both paintings. The main thing that these two art periods have in common is the fact that they occurred around the World War II days. The main difference is that pop art depicts things as opposed to abstract art that has no subject. For example, abstract art uses big canvases and applies paint rapidly for expression as opposed to pop art which brings things of everyday life into art. It does this by using comics, television, and magazines. Pop artist found abstract expressionism to pretentious and intense. Abstract art is mainly based on emotion due to the horror of World War II and the conditions of the times. Pop art brought an era of excitement and enthusiasm through the tough times. It did this through fun forms of logos and advertisement. Pop art relates to abstract art by the idea of emotion being expressed through art, as well as they are both painting eras. For example, the two works of art mentioned earlier, The Black Square and the Campbell’s Soup logo are not drawings or sketching, but rather paintings. These two art forms can be compared by looking at what the artist were trying to convey. Artists from both forms use their art to express some kind of emotion. They do this by using vibrant and neon colors. Abstract artist would pick up paint brushes and began to throw out some designs in form of expression. Pop artists would attempt to express a fun and entertaining vibe through their work. They can also be compared with the fact that they both are paintings and come from the same overall time period. Pop art had a major impact on the art world. Pop art impacted music as pop music began in the 1950’s and 60’s. Pop art was used in the designs for the music covers of music artists such as Elvis Presley and the Beatles. Movie stars such as Marilyn Monroe were also conveyed through pop art. Famous pop artist Andy Warhol developed the concept of silkscreen printing which is used for mass production. Pop art was one of the biggest eras that renovated the art world by giving people and avenue for advertisement that is still used today such as the Campbell’s soup can labels. It was also an avenue for comic books and fashion. All of these things are still found in today’s art world.

Free Essays on Hydrologic

The hydrologic cycle is a rotation of water exchange between the land, the ocean, and the atmosphere on earth. It is an amazing fact that water circulates without any loss of water.  ¡Ã‚ °Hydrologic cycle includes evaporation form the sea, movement of water vapor over the land, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and so on ¡Ã‚ ±. (p.189) Because it is a complex and long process, humans did not recognize what was exactly going on until recent times. Talking about how humans developed the idea of the hydrologic cycle, we begin with the ideas of people from the sixteenth century. They believed that water discharged by springs and streams could not be derived form the rain, for two reasons. The first reason was that rainfall was treated as inadequate in quantity. The other reason was that they believed the earth was too impervious to permit penetration of water very far below the surface. (p.190) However, people from even earlier ages, the ancients, knew that the ocean never overflowed. So they figured that was why the rivers flowed to the oceans. One thing the ancients wondered about was how the water got into the rivers from the seas, and how it lost its salt content. The evidence suggests that the ancients ¡Ã‚ ¯ ideas came from the Bible. In Ecclesiastes 1:7, it says,  ¡Ã‚ ®all the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come thither they return again. ¡Ã‚ ¯  ¡Ã‚ °Once again the recognition of the role of infiltration in supplying water to springs and rivers began in the sixteenth century ¡Ã‚ ±. (p.190) Leonardo da Vinci is credited with one of the earliest accurate descriptions of the hydrologic cycle. He was a brilliant scientist, and he was in charge of canals in the Milan area at the time. Probably his occupation of being in charge of canals helped him developing his theory about the hydrologic cycle. Whence we may conclude that the water goes form... Free Essays on Hydrologic Free Essays on Hydrologic The hydrologic cycle is a rotation of water exchange between the land, the ocean, and the atmosphere on earth. It is an amazing fact that water circulates without any loss of water.  ¡Ã‚ °Hydrologic cycle includes evaporation form the sea, movement of water vapor over the land, condensation, precipitation, surface runoff, subsurface runoff, and so on ¡Ã‚ ±. (p.189) Because it is a complex and long process, humans did not recognize what was exactly going on until recent times. Talking about how humans developed the idea of the hydrologic cycle, we begin with the ideas of people from the sixteenth century. They believed that water discharged by springs and streams could not be derived form the rain, for two reasons. The first reason was that rainfall was treated as inadequate in quantity. The other reason was that they believed the earth was too impervious to permit penetration of water very far below the surface. (p.190) However, people from even earlier ages, the ancients, knew that the ocean never overflowed. So they figured that was why the rivers flowed to the oceans. One thing the ancients wondered about was how the water got into the rivers from the seas, and how it lost its salt content. The evidence suggests that the ancients ¡Ã‚ ¯ ideas came from the Bible. In Ecclesiastes 1:7, it says,  ¡Ã‚ ®all the rivers run into the sea, yet the sea is not full; unto the place from whence the rivers come thither they return again. ¡Ã‚ ¯  ¡Ã‚ °Once again the recognition of the role of infiltration in supplying water to springs and rivers began in the sixteenth century ¡Ã‚ ±. (p.190) Leonardo da Vinci is credited with one of the earliest accurate descriptions of the hydrologic cycle. He was a brilliant scientist, and he was in charge of canals in the Milan area at the time. Probably his occupation of being in charge of canals helped him developing his theory about the hydrologic cycle. Whence we may conclude that the water goes form...

Cómo recuperar impuestos pagados en EE.UU. por turistas

Cà ³mo recuperar impuestos pagados en EE.UU. por turistas En Estados Unidos, los turistas internacionales pueden recuperar los impuestos que pagaron por sus compras pequeà ±as en solo dos –Louisiana y Texas. Adems, cinco estados – Delaware, Alaska, Nuevo Hampshire, Montana y Oregà ³n  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ no cobran impuesto a las ventas, por lo que deben tenerse en consideracià ³n a la hora de decidir en quà © estado comprar si se quiere ahorrar en impuestos. Cabe destacar que como en EE.UU. los impuestos sobre las ventas no es una competencia del gobierno federal no es posible para un turista internacional reclamar lo pagado en este concepto cuando sale del paà ­s, sino que se ha de ajustar a las reglas de cada estado. Es decir, hay una gran diferencia en este aspecto en relacià ³n a otros paà ­ses, por ejemplo, a la recuperacià ³n del VAT cuando un turista no comunitario sale de un paà ­s de la Unià ³n Europea. Puntos Clave: cà ³mo pueden los turistas reclamar un tax refund en EE.UU. Estados Unidos es, despuà ©s de Francia y Espaà ±a, el paà ­s que ms turistas internacionales recibe anualmente.Estados Unidos es el paà ­s donde los turistas internacionales ms dinero gastan.El impuesto a las ventas no es competencia federal, por lo que o es posible reclamarlo al salir del paà ­s.Solamente dos estados –Louisiana y Texas– reintegran el impuesto a las ventas a los turistas internacionales.En algunos estados es posible recuperar el impuesto a las ventas en compras mayores como, por ejemplo, yates, autos o camiones.En 16 estados existen vacaciones de impuesto a las ventas por 3, 5 à ³ 7 dà ­as. Texas Tax Back o cà ³mo reclamar en ese estado el reembolso del impuesto a las ventas En Texas el impuesto a las ventas es, con carcter general, del 6,25 por ciento. Sin embargo, ciudades y condados pueden incrementarlo de tal modo que puede llegar a pagarse un mximo del 8,25 por ciento de impuesto. Texas es junto a Louisiana los à ºnicos estados que permiten reclamar la devolucià ³n del pago de impuesto por compras menores como electrà ³nica, ropa, juguetes, etc. Para que un turista extranjero pueda presentar la solicitud de un tax refund por sus compras en el estado de Texas debe cumplir con los siguientes requisitos: Pasaporte de otro paà ­sVisa vlida o pertenecer a  Programa de Exencià ³n de Visas (VWP)Un I-94 vlido, que se puede imprimir onlinePresentarse en un Tax Refund CenterPresentar los recibos de las compras realizadas en los à ºltimos 30 dà ­asBoleto de avià ³n de salida de Estados Unidos o itinerarioLa tarjeta de crà ©dito con la que se efectuaron las comprasLa mercancà ­a de las  compras realizadas Adems, hay que tener en cuenta que solamente se admiten los recibos de tiendas que participan en el programa. Por ejemplo, Macy ´s, Saks, Neiman Marcus, Victoria ´s Secret, etc. Antes de comprar se puede consultar la lista completa de establecimientos partà ­cipes. Asimismo, para que los recibos puedan calificar para la devolucià ³n de impuestos es necesario pagar en cada tienda un mà ­nimo de 10 dà ³lares de impuestos.   El dinero ser reembolsado de una de las dos siguientes maneras: en primer lugar, se puede escoger un tax refund al momento, pero se paga una comisià ³n que puede llegar a ser la mitad del importe. En segundo lugar, en un plazo de seis u ocho semanas, mediante depà ³sito a la cuenta de Paypal del turista o mediante envà ­o de un cheque o reembolso a la tarjeta de crà ©dito. Los Tax Refund Centers pueden encontrarse en centros comerciales, outlets, aeropuertos e incluso grandes almacenes como Macy ´s. La gestià ³n llevar aproximadamente unos treinta  minutos. Finalmente, cabe destacar que el Texas Tax Back, que es la institucià ³n del gobierno estatal que maneja estos trmites, cobra 3 dà ³lares por la gestià ³n ms el 2,75% del total de las compras. Devolucià ³n de impuestos a turistas internacionales en Louisiana En este estado sureà ±o el impuesto a las ventas general es del 4,45 por ciento sobre el valor de la cosa o servicio comprado. Sin embargo, con el sobrecargo de ciudades o condados pueden llegar a un mximo del 11,45 por ciento. Las reglas para los turistas internacionales para obtener el reintegro de los impuestos son distintas a las de Texas . En Louisiana los requisitos son los siguientes: Compra en tiendas en programa Louisiana Tax Free Shopping.Mostrar pasaporte extranjero en momento de la compraSolicitar el folleto tax refund voucher Para obtener el reembolso los turistas deben presentarse en un Refund Center en el Aeropuerto internacional Louis Armstrong  de Nueva Orleans, el The Riverwalk Marketplace, en el banco Capital One en Lafayette y Shreveport. Al acudir en persona a los Refund Centers los vouchers entregados en cada una de las tiendas participantes en las que se hicieron compras, el pasaporte extranjero con visa vigente a menos que se pertenezca a un paà ­s en el VWP. En todo caso es imprescindible estar legalmente como turista en el paà ­s. Finalmente, debe mostrarse el ticket de avià ³n ida y vuelta para estancia en EE.UU. por un mximo de 90 dà ­as. Los reintegros de menos de 500 dà ³lares se entregarn al momento en efectivo. Por cantidades mayores se enviarn por cheque al domicilio del turista en su paà ­s de residencia. Finalmente, tambià ©n es posible solicitarlo por correo electrà ³nico escribiendo a LTFSrefunfinfobellsouth.net y seguir las instrucciones sobre adà ³nde enviar los recibos. Estados con vacaciones del impuesto a las ventas Ni en todo los estados se paga el mismo porcentaje de impuesto a las ventas, ni los mismos artà ­culos son gravados en todos los estados que tienen este tipo de impuestos. Adems, 16 estados tienen todos los aà ±os vacaciones del impuesto a las ventas, conocido en inglà ©s como sales tax holidays. Durante esas vacaciones, entre 3 o 7 dà ­as, no se pagan impuestos cada vez que se compra un artà ­culo incluido en la lista de cada estado y por el importe mximo autorizado. Est pensado para los residentes locales, pero tambià ©n pueden beneficiarse los turistas internacionales. Entre los artà ­culos incluidos en esas vacaciones destacan ropa, material escolar, electrà ³nica, computadores, electrodomà ©sticos eficientes y materiales de preparacià ³n para eventos como huracanes. Tax refunds para turistas internacionales cuando se compran autos, yates, etc Las reglas dependen de cada estado e, incluso, de detalles precisos del negocio. Por esta razà ³n se recomienda consultar directamente con la autoridad impositiva del estado en el que se realice la compra. Es tambià ©n una buena prctica asesorarse con un fiscalista de buena reputacià ³n con experiencia en exportaciones. Por à ºltimo, siempre es conveniente hacer las cuentas sobre si sale realmente ms barato al comprar en EE.UU. porque en artà ­culos como autos o yates si no se paga en ese paà ­s, se paga impuesto de importacià ³n en el paà ­s del turista. Consejos para turistas que disfrutan comprar en EE.UU. Si se viaja a Nueva York una de las formas de comprar barato ropa y accesorios de marca es enterndose de dà ³nde se realizan los sample sales. Y si el interà ©s de un turista internacional es comprar una propiedad como inversià ³n o para disfrutarla en cualquier parte de los Estados Unidos puede hacerlo pero es recomendable que conozco quà © comportamientos podrà ­an poner en peligro su visa de paseo. Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal para ningà ºn caso concreto.

Philosophy of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 7

Philosophy of Education - Essay Example Developing a student’s mental, physical, moral and spiritual aspects is Ellen White’s philosophy of education. These are just some of the philosophies which have influenced one in formulating one’s own philosophy of education. One’s philosophy of education focuses on the end of ignorance among men. Like Plato, one is convinced that education â€Å"leads man out of the cave into the world of light† (Brennen, 1999). Education must however be flexible in that its content should be adapted according to the needs of men. One deems it important that education be child-centered as opposed to being content-centered (Brennen, 1999). The Montessori approach to education is a method which one will certainly adapt in one’s philosophy of education. According to Montessori, â€Å"the secret of good teaching is to regard the childs intelligence as a fertile field in which seeds may be sown, to grow under the heat of flaming imagination† (1989). Montessori goes on further to say that teaching should encourage creativity and imagination. One believes that this should be one of the focal points of education especially among the young children. Education should be an enriching experience for the student. It is not enough that men are bombarded with a myriad of information, what is essential is whether these information are relevant to them and will be of use to them in the future. To a larger extent, education should be viewed as something which is pertinent to society’s development and that which will eventually help men’s lives prosper and become more fruitful. It is one’s belief that education must not only impart knowledge and make sponges out of men, who simply absorbs everything the educator teaches them. Its fundamental aim should be to make man critical thinkers, be effective decision makers and ultimately achieve whatever goals they want to pursue in life. One

Comparative Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Comparative Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example Belluck article uses rational appeal to communicate to his audience. Through the use of ethos, he is ensured that his audience will value the information relayed. He talks of the issue of fat and how it affects people health. The article draws excerpt from academic journals and reports. Therefore, by referring to these sources, the article authenticates the information as a reliable and based on scientific studies. Belluck argues that the new report has shows that millions of people regarded as overweight by Body Mass Index (B.M.I) have no life threatening risk of dying compared to people with normal weight. Furthermore, the new report shows that obesity is not only a determinant of mortality risk, but also cholesterol level and blood pressure account to mortality risks. The article by Belluck is full of facts. By discrediting earlier reports and studies in the nineteenth century, he relies on facts. Miss Schell was presented as a perfect woman in 1912 for having a modest body mass. Doctors at the time regarded her as having a ‘Perfect health’ (Belluck). However, recent studies have refuted those claims and presented the facts of perfect health condition. Researcher has concluded that blood sugar, cholesterol and blood pressure are the most worrying conditions that threaten a person’s health and not weight. Belluck communicates using not only facts, but also with statistics. This way enables the writer to appeal to the audience and pass his message effectively. The body mass index uses statistical figure to communicate the weight of people regarded as overweight and normal people. Through the use of statistic, it is easier for the audience to understand and internalize the subject being communicated. Studies show that a B.M.I of above 35 is dangerous, and the affected individuals are at risk of ailments (Belluck). Campos Paul writes persuasive article regarding the issue of overweight among the American population.

How has marriage reflected the changing status of women in Australian Essay

How has marriage reflected the changing status of women in Australian culture in the past century - Essay Example This is where the current state of woman is, and it has resulted in a high failure rate for marriages. This paper will examine how the roles of women have changed in Australian society, both in and outside of marriage, and how these roles have affected marriage and divorces in the last century. Discussion The largest change for women, in the realm of marriage, is the fact that patriarchy has shifted. For instance, one may view the movie The Piano for an example of how things used to be for women in Australia and New Zealand. In The Piano, the woman in the marriage was in the marriage because it was arranged, and, although it was evident that the main character, Ada, had a husband who wanted a â€Å"real† marriage, this never manifested. It was quite simply obvious that Alistair, the husband in this scenario, saw Ada as a way to bolster his social standing and really nothing more (The Piano). The Piano reflects a time in Australian history, indeed, in the history of the world, where women were regarded as property, and, because of this, fathers were able to force their daughters into loveless marriages. This reflects the standing of women in general during the 1850s. While The Piano reflects a time during the 19th Century, this paper will deal with the changing status of women during the 20th Century, but it is a helpful touchstone nonetheless. From the patriarchy in the 1850s, as evident in The Piano, a wave of reforms hit Australian society in the late 1800s, in a first wave of feminism in which women demanded to be counted as an equal in society, as well as within her own family. This was a wave of reform in which women were able to divorce their husbands, instead of divorce being the sole province of the man, which is what the case was before these reforms. This actually showed that the feminist movement gave more rights to women then did England, as women were not granted the right to divorce her husband on the grounds of adultery until 1923 in Engla nd, yet this right was granted in New South Wales in 1881 (James, 2005). This all leads to the rights of women at the turn of the century. The irony is that, according to Folbre (1991), while women were beginning to have parity with men in divorce court, their rights as within the marriage were actually being rolled back a bit. Folbre states that, in 1800, the work that a woman performs within the marriage was considered productive work for the purpose of labor force participation. In other words, the work that women did in 1800 was considered a part of the overall economic structure, and this work was considered to be a source of wealth. By 1900, however, this work was no longer considered productive, and women were considered to be â€Å"dependent,† along with senior citizens, children and disabled persons (Folbre, 1991). In other words, at the beginning of the 19th Century, the women’s contributions to the household were considered a driver of economic growth; by th e beginning of the 20th Century, this was no longer true. This shows that, at a time when women were getting some parity when it comes to divorce court, she was simultaneously being oppressed within the marriage itself, as she was considered to be the same as a child or a disabled person within the

Accolade vs Sega Essay Example for Free

Accolade vs Sega Essay Accolade would definitely be wrong in every aspect of this story. Accolade’s lawyer’s argument that Sega’s security codes were an interface standard is also wrong in a lockean based economy. This is because interface standards are publicly owned by everybody and can be duplicated without permission. Nothing is publicly owned in a Locke based perspective. The utilitarian view would also favor Sega’s software code as being private property, but for different reasons. This view suggests if Sega didn’t have property rights to its genesis and affiliated profitability, then Sega would lose incentive to create new ideas beneficial to the marketplace. This theory of utility also suggests Accolade and Sega should both have taken a different approach to how they did business, or lack of business, with each other. Sega should have granted accessibility to its gaming console for a small fee. This would have made Sega and Accolade more profitable to society because Accolade’s games would benefit Sega’s industry. The Marxist theory would take Accolade’s side to this story. This theory would suggest the software that Accolade decoded belongs to the general public for their benefit to make a profit. Sega owns only the game console and not the software that is used to run it. Accolade’s lawyer’s argument that the software is an interface standard would stand lawful. I personally agree with the utility theory most because if there wasn’t any incentive for new ideas and technology, then there wouldn’t be any. People and companies put a lot of effort and resources into new ideas. A person would not put any time and effort into a good idea, especially if they cannot make any money from it. He or she could not make any money off of their idea because people would just steal their idea and profit from it themselves. If there were no copyrights or patents protecting ideas, we could all be living in an unindustrialized world. I believe Locke’s theory of private property is most appropriate for this case besides the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals final decision that agreed with Accolade. Sega was using the lockean approach to private property with its security software. Accolade duplicated their software code without permission and infringed on Sega’s copyright. The story, in the end, basically agreed to Sega’s argument. 2. I believe Accolade Stole Sega’s property because American law has held to the theory that individuals have a right to do what they want with their property, and government has no right to interfere with an individual’s private property even for the good of society. Accolade would’ve benefited from using Sega’s product, but the law states it is Sega’s property, and they can do what they please with certain legal constraints. Sega did not grant Accolade a license to market games on their property. If Sega did grant them a license, then it would not be stealing. If I did not grant a person permission to use my car for their benefit and they drove off with it, I would call the police because someone stole my car. 3. I believe Accolade went too far in trying to reverse engineer Sega’s source code because Accolade already knew Sega didn’t want them marketing games on their new gaming console. If Sega wanted Accolade games on their console platform, wouldn’t Sega license them to do so? Sega specifically made that security code so game companies like Accolade would not benefit from Sega’s property. Sega wanted to be the sole maker of games for their console and they had the right to do that with their copyrighted property. With that said, I believe Accolade reverse engineered the software knowing it was morally wrong. I do not believe a company has the right to reverse engineer any product it wants. Taking an all ready thought of idea and creating a new product is different than copying another product verbatim. Reverse engineering affects the theory of utility. The incentive to come up with new ideas would be lost because there would be no reward for it. Let’s say Microsoft had the ability to create a new operating system and knew it could be reverse engineered the day they released it to the public. Would Microsoft put forth the effort, time, and resources to make this new product? I know I wouldn’t because Microsoft’s competitors could produce the same product with less overhead. This would be giving Microsoft’s competitors an advantage because they could sell the same product for less money. This would potentially put Microsoft out of business. Economies inevitably couldn’t evolve to serve societies better. Works Cited Velasquez, Manuel G. Business Ethics: Concepts and Cases. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2012. Print.

Ethnocentric Approaches to HRM

Ethnocentric Approaches to HRM 1 Introduction Human resource management (HRM) refers to the activities an organization carries out to utilize its human resources effectively, including determining the firms human resource strategy, staffing, performance evaluation, management development, compensation, labor relations. The staffing activity is concerned with the selection of employees who have the suitable skills required to perform a particular job. To perform staffing function effectively, there are three main approaches within international business identified: the ethnocentric approach, the polycentric approach, the geocentric approach (Dowling PJ, Festing M and Engle AD, 2008). In the article, the ethnocentric approach will be comprehensively and deeply analyzed, and then the advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentric approach will be figured out. Combined with analyzing the case of Hilton Group, we will see that the reason why the ethnocentric approach to HRM for multinational company (MNC) is out, that how an internatio nal human resource management (IHRM) effectively plays its part under the global context. 2 The ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out. 2.1 General situation of Hilton International Group Whichever major city you find yourself in you may have a big shot to coming across a Hilton Hotel. Hilton International Group is a leading global hotel brand; the company operates 380 hotels all round the world and has subsidiaries located in 66 countries. Its 80,000 strong workforce looks after and serves an average of 8 million guests every year (Article, 2002; Annual Report, 2003). The quality of the Hilton brand is base on the customer service and its operational excellence is higher than in most industries. The same as all service businesses, the contribution of people is of central importance to Hiltons success. Hilton International is quite decentralized: splitting into countries, cities and individual hotels. This meant that hundreds of its managers have to be convinced about the initiative an exercise in which Skill-Soft plays a fundamental role to tackle different issues arisen from its 66 country subsidiaries. (Article, 2002) 2.2 Recruitment analysis of Hilton International Group The broad recruitment strategy determines the nature of the international manager development program and the type of IMD, suggested by Perlutter (1969) and later on by DAnnunzio-Green (1997). Besides the ethnocentric approach which tends to use expatriates in key positions abroad, there are other two different approaches available for managing and staffing companies subsidiaries, the polycentric approach and geocentric approach. The polycentric approach tends to use local nationals wherever possible and the polycentric approach tends to use a mixture of nationals, expatriates and third country nationals (Treven S., 2001; Datamonitor, 2004). For the ethnocentric approach, the cultural values and business practices of the home country put a predominant influence on the subsidiaries. The corporation headquarter determines all the standards of evaluation and controls the branchs management practice in the form of orders and commands (Miles, 1965; Malkani, 2004). For the polycentric appr oach, it is just direct opposite to the ethnocentric approach. The corporation headquarter allows its subsidiaries to develop locally but the corporation headquarter will supervise the local managers. However, this results in little communication between the corporation headquarter and its subsidiaries. For the geocentric approach, it combines the advantages of ethnocentric approach and polycentric approach. The selection of manager is based on competency rather than nationality and organizations try to combine the best from both the corporation headquarter and its subsidiaries. With regard to Hilton Hotel Group, it tries to integrate different parts of the group through the cooperation between headquarter and subsidiaries, and then implement combined standard of both universal side and local side for evaluation and management (Johnson, 2003). And at the same time, Hilton has attempted to recruit and develop a group of international managers from diverse countries for many years. These international managers constitute a mobile base for a variety of management facilities as the need arises. 2.3 The phenomenon Hilton Group unfolds and implies: the ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out The recruitment approach of Hilton hotel indicates something that reveals the shortages of the other two approaches. As this article aims at the ethnocentric approach analysis, it can be concluded that the Hilton Group did not adopt the ethnocentric approach as the staffing strategy for some reason. Here what is needed to be explored is that what the reason is. Underling the phenomenon of Hilton Group not adopting the ethnocentric approach, there may exists some common truth shared the multi-national corporation, like Hilton Group. Is the ethnocentric approach out to human resource management for Multi-national Corporation? The answer to this question definitely is yes; the explanations and its analysis will be stated in the following paragraph. 3 Advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentric approach to HRM 3.1 The ethnocentric approach To analyze the question and answer above, firstly let us see what does ethnocentric approach mean and why the people use it to human resource management. Ethnocentric approach means the home country practice prevails within the company (Albrecht MH (Ed), 2001); headquarters from the home country makes crucial decisions; employees from the home country hold important positions, and the subsidiaries follow the headquarter management practice. The companies that adopt ethnocentric approach hold three reasons: firstly the company believes that there is a lack of qualified individuals in the host country to fill senior management positions(Dickman M, Brewster C, Sparrow P, 2008); secondly, the firm regards an ethnocentric approach as the best way to maintain a unified corporation culture; thirdly, the company believes that the best way to create value by transferring core competencies to a foreign branch is to transfer home-country nationals who have sufficient knowledge and competency fo r the branch. However, recently the ethnocentric is on the wane in most international business, for two main reasons: leading to â€Å"cultural myopia† and limiting advancement opportunities for host country nationals. 3.2 Advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentric approach As to the issue whether ethnocentric approach to HRM should be used in Multi-national Corporation, both the advantages and disadvantages of ethnocentric approach deserve to be analyzed and evaluated. The advantages of ethnocentric approach include: offers multi-national orientation opportunities to employees through the working experience at parent company; cultural similarity with parent company guarantees various transfer of business and management practices; permits tighter control and closer coordination of international subsidiaries for the headquarters (Grandrose CS, 1997); establish a big pool of international experienced executives for the parent country. The disadvantages of ethnocentric approach include: the subsidiaries may create problems of adaptability to the local environment and culture; the corporation may involve high transfer fee and salary costs; sending managers to subsidiaries may result in personal and family problems; it may be more possible to lead to high fa ilure rate; it may has disincentive effect on local-management morale and motivation; the subsidiaries may be subject to local government restrictions, and others. For Multinational Corporation, the ethnocentric approach shows a centralized authority management style. The local subsidiaries do not have so many decision-making rights compared with the geocentric approach subsidiaries. However, the business surroundings vary from one country to another. One management decision works out in a country but may not work out in another. Obviously this is unsolvable problem faced by the corporation headquarter that adopted ethnocentric approach to HRM. Surely there are other tough issues confronted with the MNC which adopts ethnocentric approach. But all the issues are arisen from the ethnocentric approach. Thus I think the disadvantages of the ethnocentric approach put a heavier negative role on the MNC management than the positive role put by the advantages of the ethnocentric approach. Combined with Hilton hotels operational environment differences, Hilton Group made a right decision of not adopting the ethnocentric approach. 3.3 Deeply analyzing the reason why the ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out. Since it is a right decision for Hilton Group not to adopt the ethnocentric approach, then put it in another way, it is a wrong decision for Hilton Group to adopt the ethnocentric approach, at least at the time of present. Then it can be concluded that the ethnocentric approach to HRM for Hilton Group is out. However, can the conclusion be applied universally into other multi-national corporation like Hilton? If the answer is yes and the ethnocentric approach to HRM for Multinational Corporation is out, then what is the reason and how does it happen. The following is to deeply analyze the reason why the ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out. On the related theme, if the foreign subsidiaries of MNC intend to succeed in a particular market, they must hire, train, and afford attractive career path to the local managers in the subsidiary country (Lucas R et al, 2006). Having those who know the language, the culture, and the business customs to operate the subsidiaries is quite crucial to reach the success of the subsidiaries. All these requirements above in this paragraph cannot be realized by the ethnocentric approach. For MNC, the ethnocentric approach denies advancement to the subsidiary country nationals, which probably breed resentment and diminish the corporation public image; the expatriate managers may become insular in their attitudes and prone to the cultural myopia, and the latter may lead to management overlooking niche market opportunities. The ethnocentric approach also frequently comes into conflict with host-country laws, norms and traditions (Schuler R. and Jackson S., 2003). It is clearly that the ethnocentric approach to management is not best suited to a global market place. And as more and more companies realize that the ethnocentric approach does not yield success, gradually this approach will be abandoned in favor of a more multinational approach. 4 The right way to perform IHRM and help MNC develop. 4.1 How IHRM works in a MNC Under the context of global economic integration, if the MNC wants to achieve success in the world market, it has to adopt a more multi-national competitive strategy for human resource management, rather than the ethnocentric approach. To explore deeper what constitute the success of a MNC for HRM, the characteristics of IHRM will be stated and analyzed here. Broadly defined, international human resource management (IHRM) means all the process of procuring, allocating, and effectively utilizing human resources within a multinational corporation. If the IHRM is a art of managing different people with various cultures, then the emphasis of IHRM should be focused on dealing with the changes among the differences from both the people and the culture (Warner M and Joynt P, 2002), and then to realize the goal of managing workforce efficiently and effectively across boundaries for the company, in other word, during the process of managing, people with different culture, ethnicity, values and ethos will be well coordinated and organized. Compared with the domestic traditional HRM, there are two somewhat conflicting strategic objectives that are needed to be achieved by international human resource managers (Sparrow P. et al, 2004). Firstly, the IHRM managers need to integrate the HR practices and policies across the subsidiaries in different coun tries so that the corporation objectives can be achieved. Secondly, the approach to IHRM must be flexible enough to allow for many differences in the type of HR policies and practices that are very effective in the different business and cultural environment. 4.2 The approach for IHRM working in a MNC: geocentric approach Based on the requirements of IHRM, according to the definition of the geocentric approach, and combined with the analysis of Hilton case, it can be seen that the geocentric approach is an effective approach to the international human resource management. The geocentric approach can not only help the corporation deal well with the local issues arisen in the subsidiaries, but also can demonstrate trust in local citizenry which is good for the public relations of a MNC and increase acceptance of the company by the local community. What is more, the geocentric approach can effectively represent local considerations and constraints in the decision-making process and maximize the number of decision options available in the local environment. 5 Conclusions IHRM focuses on the management of human resources on a global basis. For a multi-national corporation, how to effective manage various differences from the subsidiaries located in different countries is a crucial part to its IHRM. Then choosing the right approach influences the great implementation of the major international human resource management functions. Those companies that take the ethnocentric approach attempt to impose their home country methods on their subsidiaries. But it results in bad outcomes in the subsidiaries. Various issues arisen from the ethnocentric approach are confronted by the corporations that adopt ethnocentric approach. The multi-national corporations have to find another approach to effective carry out the global competitive strategy and deal with the local tough issues in subsidiaries. Hilton Group, though using large quantities of expatriates to manage its hotels, achieved a great success all round the world. It indicates that the ethnocentric approach to HRM for MNC is out. Then by analyzing the characteristics of multi-national corporations, the right approachgeocentric approachis proved to be able to tackle the issues arisen in subsidiaries. However, varied with the business surroundings changes and differences, the approach to IHRM implementation also needs to be adjusted. Maybe one day the geocentric approach is out to IHRM, a newer approach appears to help the MNC achieve success globally; after all, all the approaches aim to make the company win. References Albrecht MH (Ed) (2001), International HRM: managing diversity in the workplace, Oxford: Blackwell Article, 2002, A skillsoft case study: Hilton hotels, http://www.skillsoft.com/EMEA/documents/Hilton%20Case%20study.pdf Boselie P., Paauwe J., Richardson R., 2003, Human resource management, institutionalization and organizational performance: a comparison of hospitals, hotels and local government, International Journal of Human Resource Management; December, Vol. 14 Issue 8, pp.1407-1429; Datamonitor, 2004, Hilton Group plc: company profile, April, pp. 1-9; Dickman M, Brewster C, Sparrow P (2008) International Human Resource Management: A European Perspective, London: Routledge Dowling PJ, Festing M and Engle AD (2008), International Human Resource Management: Managing People in a Multinational Context, London: South Western Grandrose CS (1997), Cross-cultural Work Groups, London: Sage Johnson A., 2003, Making room for recognition and reward at Hilton, Strategic HR Review, Vol.2 Issue 3, March/April, pp.10-12; Lucas R et al (2006) Human Resource Management in an International Context, London:CIPD Miles R., 1965, Human relations or human resources?, Harvard Business Review, Vol.43 Issue 4, July/August, pp.147-189; Schuler R. and Jackson S. (2003) Managing Human Resources in Cross-Border Alliances London: Routledge Sparrow P. et al (2004) Globalizing Human Resource Management London: Routledge Warner M and Joynt P (2002) Managing Across Cultures. London: Thomson